Ceftriaxone (Triax) is a sterile, semisynthetic, broad-spectrum Cephalosporin antibiotic for intravenous or intramuscular administration.
MICROBIOLOGY:
The bactericidal activity of Ceftriaxone results from the inhibition of cell wall synthesis. Ceftriaxone exerts in-vitro activity against a wide range of Gram-negative and Gram-positive microorganisms. Ceftriaxone is highly stable to most beta-lactamases, both Penicillinases and Cephalosporinases, of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
INDICATIONS:
Ceftriaxone (Triax) is indicated for the treatment of the following infections: Lower respiratory tract infections, Acute bacterial otitis media, Skin and skin structure infections, Urinary tract infections, Uncomplicated gonorrhea, Pelvic inflammatory disease, Bacterial septicemia, Bone and joint infections, Intra-abdominal infections, Meningitis and Surgical prophylaxis.
DOSAGE & ADMINISTRATION:
Adults and children over twelve years: The usual dosage is 1-2gm of Ceftriaxone (Triax) administered once daily (every 24 hours). In severe cases or in infections caused by moderately sensitive organisms, the dosage may be raised to 4gm, administered once daily. Neonates, infants and children up to twelve years: Neonates (up to two weeks) a daily dose of 20-50 mg/kg body weight once daily, not to exceed 50 mg/kg. For infants and children (three weeks to twelve years) a daily dose of 20-80 mg/kg. For children with a body weight of 50 kg or more, the usual adult dosage should be used. Intravenous doses of 50mg or more per kg should be given by infusion over at least 30 minutes. Elderly patients: The dosage recommended for adults require no modification in the case of geriatric patients. Duration of therapy: The duration of therapy varies according to the course of the disease. As with antibiotic therapy in general, administration of Ceftriaxone (Triax) should be continued for a minimum of 48-72 hours after the patient has become afebrile or evidence of bacterial eradication has been obtained.
Combination therapy: Synergy between Ceftriaxone (Triax) and Aminoglycosides has been demonstrated with many Gram-negative bacilli under experimental conditions. It should be considered in severe, life-threatening infections due to microorganisms such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Because of physical incompatibility, the two drugs must be administered separately at the recommended dosages. Reconstituted solutions retain their physical and chemical stability for six hours at room temperature (or 24 hours at 5OC. They range in color from pale yellow to amber, depending on the concentration and the length of storage.
Intramuscular injections: For I.M. injections, Ceftriaxone (Triax) 250mg or 500mg is dissolved in 2ml and Ceftriaxone (Triax) 1gm in 3.5ml of 1% lignocaine HCI injection and administered by deep intragluteal injection. It is recommended that not more than 1gm be injected on either side. The lignocaine HCI injection must never be administered intravenously.
Intravenous injections: For I.V. injection, Ceftriaxone (Triax) 250mg and 500mg is dissolved in 5ml and Ceftriaxone (Triax) 1gm into 10ml of sterile water for injection and then administered by I.V. injection lasting two to four minutes.
Intravenous infusion: The infusion should last at least 30 minutes. For I.V. infusion, 2g Ceftriaxone (Triax) is dissolved in 40ml of one of the following Calcium-free infusion solutions: Sodium chloride 0.9%, sodium chloride 0.45% + dextrose 2.5%, dextrose 5%, dextrose 10%, levulose 5%, dextran 6% in dextrose, sterile water for injections. Ceftriaxone (Triax) solutions should not be mixed with or piggybacked into solutions containing other antimicrobial drugs or into diluent solutions other than those listed above, owing to possible incompatibility.
WARNINGS:
Do not use diluents containing Calcium, such as Ringer’s solution or Hartmann’s solution, to reconstitute Ceftriaxone (Triax) vials or to further dilute a reconstituted vial for I.V. administration because a precipitate can form. Precipitation of Ceftriaxone-Calcium can also occur when Ceftriaxone (Triax) is mixed with Calcium containing solutions in the same I.V. administration line. Ceftriaxone (Triax) must not be administered simultaneously with Calcium containing I.V. solutions.
INSTRUCTIONS:
Store in a cool & dry place below 25ºC.
Protect from light, heat and moisture.
Keep out of reach of children.